Type of operating system

 - LINUX
Originally developed by Linus Torvalds, who was originally just a terminal emulation required to access the UNIX server at the university. Linux is the cloning of MINIX (One variant of UNIX), system tools and libraries usually come from the GNU Operating System. Linux has lots of design derived from the basic design of UNIX, Linux uses the Linux Kernel Kernel Monilitik handling prosses control, networking, peripherals, and accessing the file system. Same as UNIX, Linuxpun can be controlled by one or more command-line interface (Command Line Interface / CLI)-based text, graphical user interface (Graphical User Interface / GUI) which is the default configuration for dektop version.

On the computer desktop, GNOME, KDE and Xfce are the most popular user interfaces among other user interface variant. A Linux system provides a command line interface via a shell (Konsole).The main difference between Linux and Operating Systems Other popular lies in the Linux kernel and its components are free and open. Just as in UNIX, Linux Workstations and Servers to concentrate on many Workstations and Servers which rely on Linux because Linux is very stable is used for long periods and Linuxpun immune to malware.
One thing that distinguishes Linux to other operating systems is price. Price Linux is mostly free, although some are paid (the License). Linux can be distributed without having to give royalties to someone. Prepared by standard Linux Operating System POSIX-derived UNIX itself. There are several kinds of Linux distributions, such as: Debian, Lycoris, Xandros, Lindows, Linare, Linux-Mandrake, Red Hat Linux, Slackware, Knoppix, Fedora, Suse, Ubuntu.

- WINDOWS (MICROSOFT WINDOWS)

 Mircorost Windows or ordinary we are greeted with the title of Windows Operating System developed by Microsoft Corporation that uses berbasikan interface with GUI (Graphical User Interface) or bergrafis interface.

Initially Windows stems from Ms-Dos (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a text-based Operating System and Command-Line interpreter. The first version of Windows, Windows Graphic Environmnet 1.0 is a software that works on arsitekstur 16-Bit and not an Operating System and runs on MS-DOS, so to run it requires MS-DOS. MS-DOS itself was created by a computer manufacturer Seattle Computer Products, and then was recruited by Microsoft to the next sprite.

- UNIX
UNIX is the operating system created by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, was developed by AT & T Bell Labs. UNIX Operating System was designed as a portable, multi-tasking and Multi-User. UNIX Operating System more emphasis on the Workstation and Server, Because of their high availability and compatibility lead to UNIX can be used, copied and modified so that UNIX was developed by many parties and led to numerous variants of  UNIX.

UNIX itself is written in C language so that UNIX was similar to the DOS of Line / Text Based Command besides any UNIX is a secure operating system compared with other operating systems, because every file, directory, user and group has its own set of permissions for access. Because of the support for the GNU Project, we then develop into LINUX UNIX (One variant of UNIX).
- IBM OS / 2

 Operating Systems IBM OS / 2 was made jointly by the International Bussiness Machines Corporation and Microsoft Corporation, for use on IBM computers as a replacement for the DOS operating system. Said OS / 2 stands for Operating System / 2, Operating System is designed to be able to use the full capabilities of the Intel 80286 microprocessor, including the protected mode (Protected Mode), able to run simultaneous tasks, as well as Virtual Memory support, while maintaining compatibility with many MS-DOS software in circulation at that time,
- MAC OS (MACINTOSH OPERATING SYSTEM)



 MAC OS or Macintosh Operating System Operating System is made by Apple Computer for computers are not compatible with Macintosh and IBM-based computers. MAC OS is the first operating system that uses a graphical user interface (Graphical User Interface / GUI). The Macintosh operating system is divided into 2 types:
1.MAC OS Classic
Not having any Command Line (Command line), using the User Interface (UI) and fully use the Cooperative Multitasking

2.MAC OS X
MAC OS X include elements of BSD Unix, One Step, and MAC OS X has Unix-style memory and Pre-emptive multitasking.

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Understanding Hardware Computer

Understanding of hardware or in Indonesian his name is also called"hardware" is one component of a computer that is the nature of itstools can be seen and touched directly or in the form of real, whichserves to support the computerization process.

Hardware can work on orders that have been specified therein, or also referred to by the term instruction set. With the commands that can be understood by the hardware, the hardware can perform a variety of activities that have been specified by the command.
Physically, the computer consists of several components, which is a system. System are components that work together to form a unity. 

If one component does not work, will lead to malfunction ofthe existing processes with a good computer. Computer components are included in the category of hardware elements(hardware). Based on the function, the computer hardware is divided into:
1. divice input (input unit)
2. Process device (processing units)
3. Output device (output units)
4. Backing Storage (storage unit)
5. Peripherals (additional unit)
Basic components of the computer consists of input, process,output and storage. Input device comprises a keyboard andmouse, the device is a microprocessor Process (ALU, InternalCommunication, and Control Registers section), Output devicesconsist of a monitor and printer, external memory storage consistsof hard drives, floppy drives, CD ROM, magnetic tape. Internalstorage memory comprises RAM and ROM. While the PeripheralDevice component is an additional component or as a componentthat does not exist or did not exist before. Peripheral Component's an example: TV Tuner Card, Modem, Capture Card.
hardware:

a.Keyboard

Keyboard merupakan unit input yang paling penting dalam suatu pengolahan data dengan komputer. Keyboard dapat berfungsi memasukkan huruf, angka, karakter khusus serta sebagai media bagi user (pengguna) untuk melakukan perintah-perintah lainnya yang diperlukan, seperti menyimpan file dan membuka file. Penciptaan keyboard komputer berasal dari model mesin ketik yang diciptakan dan dipatentkan oleh Christopher Latham pada tahun 1868, Dan pada tahun 1887 diproduksi dan dipasarkan oleh perusahan Remington. Keyboard yang digunakanan sekarang ini adalah jenis QWERTY, pada tahun 1973, keyboard ini diresmikan sebagai keyboard standar ISO (International Standar Organization). Jumlah tombol pada keyboard ini berjumlah 104 tuts. 

Keyboard sekarang yang kita kenal memiliki beberapa jenis port, yaitu port serial, ps2, usb dan wireless.

Jenis-Jenis Keyboard :

1.) QWERTY

2.) DVORAK

3.) KLOCKENBERG

Keyboard yang biasanya dipakai adalah keyboard jenis QWERTY, yang bentuknya ini mirip seperti tuts pada mesin tik. Keyboard QWERTY memiliki empat bagian yaitu :

1. typewriter key

2. numeric key

3. function key

4. special function key.

b. mouse

Mouse is one unit of input (input device). The function of this 

tool is to move a pointer or cursor quickly. In addition, orders can be aspractical and faster than with a keyboard. Mouse began to use its full potential since the operating system has been based GUI(Graphical User Interface). electrical signals as a mouse input device is generated by a small ball inside the mouse, according to the shifting or movement. Most of the mouse consists of threebuttons, two buttons which are generally only used the left buttonand right button. Currently the mouse is also equipped with rollersbutton (scroll), where is this button located in the middle. 

The termsuppression is called by clicking the left button (Click) where the emphasis is going to function when the mouse is on a designatedobject, but if not at a designated object of this emphasis will be ignored. In addition there are other terms which are called by dragging (drag) that is pressing the left mouse button withoutreleasing it with while being moved. This drag will cause the objectto be moved or copied to other objects and other possibilities. The emphasis of the left mouse button twice quickly and regularly calleddouble click (double click) while pressing the right mouse buttononce called by right-clicking (right click) Mouse consists of multipleports is a serial mouse, mouse ps / 2, usb and wireless .                                                                

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Types of computers based on antecedent data

1. Analog Computer This computer is a computer used to receiveanalog signals, typically used for checking for data that is not in the form of numbers, because the data is data that is obtained wave.This computer is usually used to present a state. For example, the computer is used to check the temperature, the counter flow of fuelat the pump, measure the power of light, and others. Computersare widely used for scientific activities.
       
2. Digital Computer This computer is a computer that most of usknow. The data received is the data that has been in the form ofdigital data. While the function used to process data that isquantitative in the form of numbers, letters, punctuation, and others.



  3. Hybrid Computers is a computer that has the capabilities ofanalog computers and digital computers. This kind of computer system intended for processing data both quantitative andqualitative nature, in other words the quantitative data that is processed produce qualitative data and vice versa.

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Understanding CPU

Understanding CPU can we know in brief from the stands for the CPU itself. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit or CentralProcessing Unit. In laymen, we often refer to it as the processor.Because it is a data processing center in a computer, the CPU can be likened to a brain of the computer itself. Fast or slow the performance of a computer simply determined by the quality andtechnology of the CPU being used.

The workings of the CPU according to wikipedia, is almost equal to the workings of a calculator. It's just data processing that is able to handle a more powerful CPU and probably more complex than can be handled by a common calculator. A CPU can process datain addition to arithmetic, can also manage the data that is logic.Simply put, in addition to counting, the CPU can compare.
But sometimes a different understanding of the CPU when used ineveryday language. A youth organization leader who asked hissubordinates "Monitor and keyboard already exists, but whyCPUnya not taken?"

CPU can be sure that the word used above is not referring to theCPU as a processor, but as a unity Processor CPU, Mainboard,RAM, hard drive installed in a casing like the picture beside.Exactly is meant by the chairman of the youth in the story above is acomputer tower (a term referring to wikipedia). But perhaps for reasons of convenience, the term CPU is used to save the word.Thus we see at least two meanings or two CPUs depending on thecontext of understanding the conversation.

Unfortunately, the card SD card, memory and storage configurations defined yet and not limited to slots, but still only a flash memory and RAM of 64 GB, available of 2 Gigabytes disproportionate number represents a $ 999 entry-level configuration, does not remain. Our storage and 128 gigabytes of RAM is $ 1,199 and has four gigabytes configuration. 

This is my MacBook Air, the biggest change is how to sell. For both the current entry-level white MacBook from the Apple MacBook Air laptop (with a big drop in more than one person's laptop), and there is no more than $ 999. $ 999 Apple MacBook 11 in. The MacBook Air has set the most advantageous. 

For 2011-11 the air in. undoubtedly, fall in the 2010 version is being developed. This is for everyone, the MacBook? If you can not live yet is still relatively limited storage air. The full-size notebook, 13-inch MacBook Air, or better battery life and performance to the absolute mobility, however, a full-featured, 13 in. MacBook Pro, which can be mistaken for one who can beat the air 11 inches.

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